{"id":7762,"date":"2020-03-03T18:03:15","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T15:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/?p=7762"},"modified":"2023-01-19T13:54:26","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T10:54:26","slug":"understanding-and-configuring-selinux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SELinux"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SELinux\"<\/p>\n

Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 (MAC).<\/span>SELinux – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b Linux. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c SELinux, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 audit2allow \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 SELinux.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u00a0 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \/var\/log\/audit\/audit.log<\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

type=AVC msg=audit(1582800535.799:670): avc: denied { read } for pid=13951 comm=\"nginx\" name=\"index.html\" dev=\"sda1\" ino=263511 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 tclass=file permissive=...<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 “Access denied” , \u0438 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b audit2allow<\/span><\/h2>\n
# dnf install setroubleshoot setools<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c audit2allow<\/span><\/p>\n
# audit2allow -w -a<\/span>\n\ntype=AVC msg=audit(1582800535.799:670): avc: denied { read } for pid=13951 comm=\"nginx\" name=\"index.html\" dev=\"sda1\" ino=263511 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 tclass=file permissive=1<\/span>\nWas caused by:<\/span>\nUnknown - would be allowed by active policy<\/span>\nPossible mismatch between this policy and the one under which the audit message was generated.<\/span>\nPossible mismatch between current in-memory boolean settings vs. permanent ones.<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f.<\/span><\/p>\n
# audit2allow -a<\/span>\n#============= httpd_t ==============<\/span>\n#!!!! This avc is allowed in the current policy<\/span>\nallow httpd_t http_port_t:tcp_socket name_connect;<\/span>\n\n#!!!! This avc is allowed in the current policy<\/span>\nallow httpd_t user_home_t:file { map open read };<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f root \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f. \u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f -M \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 (.te) \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 -M, \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
# audit2allow -a -M mycertwatch<\/span>\n******************** IMPORTANT ***********************<\/span>\nTo make this policy package active, execute:<\/span>\n\nsemodule -i mycertwatch.pp<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n
# semodule -i mycertwatch.pp<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) – \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 (MAC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,69],"tags":[58,555],"class_list":["post-7762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dedicated-servers","category-dedicated-servers-ru","tag-centos","tag-selinux-ru-2"],"yoast_head":"\n\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SELinux - Unihost.FAQ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c SELinux, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b audit2allow - Unihost.FAQ\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SELinux - Unihost.FAQ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c SELinux, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b audit2allow - Unihost.FAQ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Unihost.FAQ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unihost\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-03T15:03:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-19T10:54:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/1200px-SELinux_logo.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Unihost Support\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@unihost\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@unihost\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Unihost Support\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Unihost Support\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/#\/schema\/person\/bb5ae95f38577c920e6a7507888b715a\"},\"headline\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SELinux\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-03T15:03:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-19T10:54:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/\"},\"wordCount\":172,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/ru\/understanding-and-configuring-selinux\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/1200px-SELinux_logo.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"CentOS\",\"selinux\"],\"articleSection\":[\"02. 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