{"id":7709,"date":"2020-02-25T14:59:20","date_gmt":"2020-02-25T11:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/?p=7709"},"modified":"2023-10-09T17:03:26","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T14:03:26","slug":"tuning-nginx-for-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuning NGINX for Performance"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Tuning<\/span><\/p>\n

Setup <\/span><\/span>worker_processes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

The architecture of the Nginx master and worker processes is explained as follows: “nginx has one master process and several worker processes. The main goal of the master process is to read and evaluate the configuration, as well as support worker processes. Worker processes actually handle requests. Nginx uses an event-based model and OS-specific mechanisms to efficiently distribute requests between worker processes.”<\/span><\/p>\n

In other words, worker_processes tells your server<\/a> how many cores are assigned so that Nginx can manage requests in an optimized way. Default Nginx configuration path: \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

To find out how many cores you have on your web server, run the following command.<\/span><\/p>\n

# grep processor \/proc\/cpuinfo | wc \u2013l<\/span>\n4<\/span><\/pre>\n
Worker_connections tells worker_processes how many clients Nginx can serve at one time. The default value is 768, but it is important to remember that each browser usually opens at least 2 connections to the server. The maximum number for setting worker_processes is 1024, and it is best to use this to get the full potential from Nginx. Based on this, taking into account one core for each worker_processes, setting worker_connections to 1024 means that Nginx can serve 1024 clients per second.<\/span><\/p>\n
worker_processes\u00a0\u00a04;<\/span>\nevents {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0worker_connections\u00a0\u00a08096;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0multi_accept\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0use\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 epoll;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\nworker_rlimit_nofile 100000;<\/span>\nerror_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log crit;<\/span>\nhttp {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sendfile\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0tcp_nopush\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0tcp_nodelay\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0keepalive_timeout\u00a0\u00a030;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0access_log\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 off; <\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0tcp_nopush\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0tcp_nodelay\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0reset_timedout_connection on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0client_body_timeout 10;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0send_timeout 2;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0keepalive_requests 100000;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0open_file_cache max=200000 inactive=20s;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0open_file_cache_valid 30s;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0open_file_cache_min_uses 2;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0open_file_cache_errors on;<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n
Gzip compression<\/span><\/h2>\n
Gzip can help reduce the amount of transmission over the network that Nginx works with. However, be careful increasing the level of gzip_comp_level too high as the server will start wasting CPU cycles.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
http {<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_disable msie6;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_vary on;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_proxied any;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_comp_level 6;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_buffers 32 16k;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_min_length 250;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gzip_types image\/jpeg image\/bmp image\/svg+xml text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript application\/x-javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript image\/x-icon;<\/span><\/pre>\n
Caching<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
An easy way to avoid processing your server\u2019s requests is if the clients think their content has already been updated.<\/span><\/p>\n
To do this, you will need to set headers suitable for the cache, and a simple way to do this is to declare the necessary content and are fixed for a certain period of time:<\/span><\/p>\n
server {<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0location \/ {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0...<\/span>\n  }<\/span>\n   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0...<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0location ~* \\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|xml)$ {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0expires 30d;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0location ~* \\.(css|js)$ {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0expires 7d;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n
\n
HTTP\/2 Support<\/span><\/h2>\n
HTTP\/2 has many advantages over HTTP, for example, it allows the browser to download files in parallel and allows the server to load resources, among other things. All you have to do is replace http with http2 in your server block by default<\/span><\/p>\n
server{<\/span>\n...<\/span>\nlisten 443 http2 default_server;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen [::]:443 http2 default_server;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0server_name example.com;<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n
\n
Redirect WWW<\/span><\/h2>\n
server {<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n}<\/span>\nserver {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen 80;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen [::]:80;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0server_name example.com;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return 301 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\nserver {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen 80;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen [::]:80;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen 443 ssl http2;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0listen [::]:443 ssl http2;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0server_name www.example.com;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return 301 https:\/\/example.com$request_uri;<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n
Simple DDoS protection<\/span><\/h2>\n
This is far from secure DDoS protection, but it can slow down some small DDoS.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
http {<\/span>\n . . .<\/span>\n# limit the number of connections per IP<\/span><\/em>\nlimit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=conn_limit_per_ip:10m;\n<\/span>\n# limit the number of requests for this session<\/span><\/em>\nlimit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit_per_ip:10m rate=10r\/s;\n<\/span>\n# the zone we want to limit to the upper values, we want to limit the entire server<\/span><\/em>\n\nserver {<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0limit_conn conn_limit_per_ip 20;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0limit_req zone=req_limit_per_ip burst=20 nodelay;<\/span>\n}\n<\/span>\n# if the request body size is larger than the buffer size, then the full (or partial) request body is written to a temporary file\n<\/span><\/em>client_body_buffer_size\u00a0 128k;\n<\/span>\n# buffer size for reading client request header<\/span><\/em>\nclient_header_buffer_size 3m;\n<\/span>\n# maximum number and size of buffers for large headers to read from client request<\/span><\/em>\nlarge_client_header_buffers 4 256k;\n<\/span>\n# body of the request timeout from the client<\/span><\/em>\nclient_body_timeout\u00a0\u00a0 3m;\n<\/span>\n# how long to wait for the client to send the request header<\/span><\/em>\nclient_header_timeout 3m;<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n
Improve security<\/span><\/h2>\n
By default, your NGINX does not have all the necessary security headers, which is actually quite simple. They prevent click attacks, crossite scripting, and other code attacks.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
http {<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n \u00a0 <\/span>add_header X-Frame-Options \"SAMEORIGIN\" always;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0add_header X-XSS-Protection \"1; mode=block\" always;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0add_header X-Content-Type-Options \"nosniff\" always;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0add_header Referrer-Policy \"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" always;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0add_header Content-Security-Policy \"default-src * data: 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'\" always;<\/span>\n \u00a0\u00a0add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload\" always;<\/span>\n...<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Setup worker_processes The architecture of the Nginx master and worker processes is explained as follows: “nginx has one master process and several worker processes. The main goal of the master process is to read and evaluate the configuration, as well as support worker processes. Worker processes actually handle requests. Nginx uses an event-based model and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[95,547],"class_list":["post-7709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dedicated-servers","tag-nginx","tag-tuning"],"yoast_head":"\nTuning NGINX for Performance - Unihost.FAQ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The main goal of the master process is to read and evaluate the configuration, as well as support worker processes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tuning NGINX for Performance - Unihost.FAQ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The main goal of the master process is to read and evaluate the configuration, as well as support worker processes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Unihost.FAQ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unihost\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-25T11:59:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-10-09T14:03:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/NGINX-logo.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Unihost Support\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@unihost\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@unihost\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Unihost Support\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Unihost Support\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/#\/schema\/person\/bb5ae95f38577c920e6a7507888b715a\"},\"headline\":\"Tuning NGINX for Performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-25T11:59:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-10-09T14:03:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/\"},\"wordCount\":385,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/tuning-nginx-for-performance\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/unihost.com\/help\/wp-content\/uploads\/NGINX-logo.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Nginx\",\"tuning\"],\"articleSection\":[\"02. 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