Blockchain nodes are literally the most important component of the blockchain network. It is responsible for all the information and software that performs control actions. Since they are so important, it makes sense that hackers would target them, making node protection a top priority. In this article we at Unihost would like to share best practices for protecting nodes, how and who attacks them and give tips on how to save them.
General
Nodes form the backbone (core) of a decentralised network that runs on different projects and infrastructures. These can be cloud, on-premises or hybrid structures. These nodes take an active part in the operation of the network, playing a fundamental role in the creation and execution of transactions. With the help of nodes, a so-called ‘consensus’ is reached that validates transactions and thereby ensures the integrity of the blockchain.
Each transaction is protected by a unique fingerprint associated with each block, which protects them from counterfeiting. Nodes play a key role in supporting ‘consensus’ and blockchain activity.
Attack vectors against nodes
Nodes can be attacked from a variety of angles, including those listed in the OWASP list of top 10 web applications.
Examples include misconfigurations that result in significant losses, such as the theft of more than $20 million worth of Ethereum due to misconfigured wallets.
DDoS
Denial of service attacks aim to disable blockchain nodes, which can lead to network instability. Also, DDoS attacks in the form of a huge number of transactions, as the Solana incident showed us, can overload nodes, leading to network failures and instability.
Fraudulent transactions
Blockchains, very easily succumb to such attacks that exploit weaknesses in the software. Fraudulent transactions can create a disruption in the node or, in the worst case, give fraudsters control over the node.
Dangerous software
Nodes are at risk of being infected with malicious software that aims to steal private keys, address spoofing, traffic filtering, and cryptocurrency mining using the victim’s resources.
51% attack
Another variant of the node attack where fraudsters gain control over 51% of the mining capabilities and can interrupt genuine transactions, make fraudulent transactions, and even rewrite part of the entire chain.
Routing attacks
By exploiting vulnerabilities in routing protocols, fraudsters intercept data and interfere with consensus on the blockchain network.
How do you protect your node?
Naturally you should stick to traditional cybersecurity practices, which will significantly reduce the possibility of an attack on you.
- Regularly update your software and check your configurations for possible vulnerabilities.
- Use antivirus to detect and interrupt the use of harmful software.
- Use a brandmauer.
- Choose consensus algorithms such as proof-of-stake or proof-of-work to protect against specific attacks.
- Control the mining pool. And redirect miners if limits are exceeded.
- Use secure routing protocols, verify smart contracts.
- Conduct regular penetration tests and security audits.
- Practice API security. Use standard TLS.
- Monitor the health of nodes and the entire infrastructure. Use dedicated servers and reliable providers.
- Adhere to a secure software development lifecycle. And securely store private keys.
- Don’t place sensitive data in public repositories.
Overall
Blockchain network security depends not only on the underlying infrastructure, but also on the clear and constant application of cybersecurity rules. Constant monitoring, testing and adherence to cybersecurity protocols will keep you out of the hands of fraudsters. Unihost in turn are ready to provide you with the best software to protect your servers, technicians to respond 24/7 and full maintenance services.